Table of Contents
What GFCI Means
GFCI stands for Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter. It monitors the current going out on the hot wire and the current returning on the neutral. Any imbalance greater than about 5 milliamps — meaning some current is escaping to ground, likely through a person — trips the device in roughly 25 milliseconds, fast enough to prevent electrocution.
Where They're Required in California
Under the current California Electrical Code, GFCI protection is required at all: bathroom outlets, kitchen countertop outlets, garage outlets, unfinished basement outlets, outdoor outlets, pool/spa equipment, laundry areas, and any outlet within 6 feet of a sink or wet location.
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How to Test
Press TEST — the RESET button should pop out and power should cut. Press RESET — power returns. Do this monthly. A GFCI that won't trip on TEST is dead and must be replaced.
Cost
$25–$40 per outlet in parts, $150–$250 installed by a licensed electrician for the first outlet, $50–$80 per additional outlet on the same visit.
When to Replace
GFCIs have a service life of 10–15 years. If yours won't reset, trips randomly, or fails the monthly test, replace it. In coastal Orange County (Newport, Huntington, Laguna), salt air shortens that lifespan noticeably.
Frequently Asked Questions
What's the difference between GFCI and AFCI?+
GFCI prevents shock (ground faults). AFCI prevents fire (arc faults from loose or damaged wiring). Modern kitchens and bedrooms require both — usually as a dual-function AFCI/GFCI breaker or outlet.
Why does my GFCI trip when it rains?+
Moisture in an outdoor box creates a small ground path. The GFCI is doing its job. Replace the cover with a weather-resistant in-use cover and check for cracked gaskets.